神传文化 - Sun Simiao
孙思邈与他的养生学说
孙思邈，又被称为药王孙天医，是中国古代著名的医生，亦是气功养生的实践家。他在西魏时代出生，相传他活到141岁才仙游。孙思邈少时因病学医，博通经史百家学说，他7岁时就能“日诵千言”。每天能背诵上千字的文章，被人称为“圣童”。到了20岁，他就能侃侃而谈老子、庄子的学说，并对佛家的经典著作十分精通。隋唐时孙思邈曾推拒当官，唐太宗更亲自上山拜会。不过，更为出名的，是他总结了唐代以前的临床经验和医学理论，编成两部医学巨著：《千金要方》和《千金翼方》。
一、 孙思邈的流世著作
孙思邈一生著作80余部，除了《千金要方》、《千金翼方》外，还有《老子注》、《庄子注》、《枕中素书》1卷、《会三教论》1卷、《福禄论》3卷、《摄生真录》1卷、《龟经》1卷等。
《千金要方》三十卷，分二百三十二门，已接近现代临床医学的分类方法。他认为：“人命至重，有贵千金，一方济之，德逾于此。”故以“千金”两字命名。全书合方、论五千三百首，集方广泛，内容丰富，是我国唐代医学发展中具有代表性的巨著，对后世医学特别是方剂学的发展，有着明显的影响和贡献；并对日本、朝鲜医学之发展也有积极的作用。
《千金翼方》三十卷，书名取“輗軏相济”、“羽翼交飞”之意，属孙思邈晚年作品，系对《千金要方》的全面补充。全书分一百八十九门，合方、论、法二千九百余首，记载药物八百多种，尤以治疗伤寒、中风、杂病和疮痈最见疗效。
二、 行医理念与医学贡献
孙思邈把医为仁术的精神具体化。他在其所著的《大医精诚》一书中写道：“凡大医治病，必当安神定志，无欲无求，先发大慈恻隐之心，誓愿普救含灵之苦，若有疾厄来求救者，不得问其贵贱贫富，长幼研茧，怨亲善友，华夷愚智，普同一等，皆如至亲之想……”寥寥片语，已将孙思邈的高尚医德情操，展示在人们面前。
他坚持辨证施治的方法，认为人若善摄生，当可免于病。只要“良医导之以药石，救之以针剂”，“体形有可愈之疾，天地有可消之灾”。他重视医德，不分“贵贱贫富，长幼妍蚩，怨亲善友，华夷愚智”，皆一视同仁。声言“人命至重，有贵千金”。他极为重视妇幼保健，著《妇人方》三卷，《少小婴孺方》二卷，置于《千金要方》之首。
《千金要方》是我国最早的医学百科全书，从基础理论到临床各科，理、法、方、药齐备。一类是典籍资料，一类是民间单方验方。广泛吸收各方面之长，雅俗共赏，缓急相宜，时至今日。很多内容仍起着指导作用，有极高的学术价值，确实是价值千金的中医瑰宝。《千金要方》是对方剂学发展的巨大贡献。书中收集了从张仲景时代直至孙思邈的临床经验，历数百年的方剂成就，显示出孙思邈的博极医源和精湛医技。后人称《千金方》为方书之祖。
三、 孙思邈的学术成就
在药物学研究方面，孙思邈倾注了大量的心血。从药物的采集、炮制到性能认识，从方药的组合配伍到临床治疗，孙思邈参考前人的医药文献，并结合自己数十年的临证心得，写成了我国医学发展史上具有重要学术价值的两部医学巨著——《千金要方》和《千金翼方》。其中《千金要方》载方5000多首，书中内容既有诊法、征候等医学理论，又有内、外、妇、儿等临床各科；既涉及解毒、急救、养生、食疗，又涉及针灸、按摩、导引、吐纳，可谓是对唐代以前中医学发展的一次很好的总结。而《千金翼方》载方近3000首，书中内容涉及本草、妇人、伤寒、小儿、养性、补益、中风、杂病、疮痈、色脉以及针灸等各个方面，对《千金要方》作了必要而有益的补充。
孙思邈崇尚养生，并身体力行，正由于他通晓养生之术，才能年过百岁而视听不衰。他将儒家、道家以及外来古印度佛家的养生思想与中医学的养生理论相结合，提出的许多切实可行的养生方法，时至今日，还在指导着人们的日常生活，如心态要保持平衡，不要一味追求名利；饮食应有所节制，不要过于暴饮暴食；气血应注意流通，不要懒惰呆滞不动；生活要起居有常，不要违反自然规律…
孙思邈又是世界上导尿术的发明者。据记载：有一个病人得了尿潴留病，撒不出尿来。孙思邈看到病人憋得难受的样子，他想：“吃药来不及了。如果想办法用根管子插进尿道，尿或许会流出来。”他看见邻居的孩子拿一根葱管在吹着玩儿，葱管尖尖的，又细又软，孙思邈决定用葱管来试一试，于是他挑选出一根适宜的葱管，在火上轻轻烧了烧，切去尖的一头，然后小心翼翼地插进病人的尿道里，再用力一吹，不一会儿尿果然顺着葱管流了出来。病人的小肚子慢慢瘪了下去，病也就好了。
孙思邈以德养性、以德养身、德艺双馨的品性成为历代医家和百姓尊崇备至的伟大人物。
文／山行
Sun Simiao’s books passed to future generations
Sun Simiao, also called China’s King of Medicine and Heavenly Doctor Sun, was a famous Chinese doctor. He also practiced preserving health through qigong.
Sun was born during the Western Wei Dynasty. Legend has it that he lived for 141 years. Sun decided to learn medicine because, when he was young, he often got sick. He was well-versed in the Chinese classics, history, and the teachings of a hundred schools.
He could memorize thousands of sentences daily at age 7. For his skill of memorizing a daily article of over 1,000 words, he was praised as a sacred child.
At age 20, he could expertly discuss the theories of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi and was also good at Buddhist classics.
Sun refused to become a government official during the Sui and Tang dynasties. Tang Dynasty Emperor Li Shimin visited him in person.
Sun Simiao made a name for himself for having summarized the clinical experiences and medical theories prior to the Tang Dynasty and compiled them into two medical books, “Qian Jin Yao Fang” (“Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Liang [an ancient Chinese unit of weight] of Gold”) and “Qian Jin Yi Fang” (“Supplement to Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Liang of Gold”). “Qian Jin Yao Fang” consists of 30 volumes and covers 232 medical subjects.
Sun Simiao authored over 80 books during his lifetime. In addition to the above-mentioned books, he wrote “Lao Zi Zhu” (“Notes of Lao Zi”), “Zhuang Zi Zhu” (“Notes of Zhuang Zi”), one volume of “Zhen Zhong Su Shu” (“Book of the Bed”), one volume of “Hui San Jiao Lun,” three volumes of “Fu Lu Lun” (“Of Fortunes and Happiness”), one volume of “She Sheng Zhen Lun” (“Advice of Health Cultivation”), one volume of “Gui Jing” (“Canon of the Tortoise”), and others.
Sun Simiao believed “a human life is extremely precious; more valuable than one thousand liang of gold.” Because of this belief, he titled his book with the two characters “Qian Jin,” which means 1,000 liang of gold. The entire book collected 5,300 prescriptions, covering a wide range that is rich in content.
It is a colossal work of medical science during the Tang Dynasty. It had a great impact on and made significant contributions to medical development, especially prescriptions for later generations. The scholarly text also made contributions to medical advancements in Korea and Japan.
“Qian Jin Yi Fang” also consists of 30 volumes. Sun Simiao wrote it in the later stages of his life. It is a comprehensive supplement to “Qian Jin Yao Fang.”
He divided the book of “Qian Jin Yi Fang” into 189 subjects, covering over 2,900 prescriptions. It describes over 800 medicinal drugs and provides ways of treating febrile diseases, strokes, acne, carbuncles, and miscellaneous diseases.
Sun Simiao’s medical ethics and further contributions to medicine
Sun Simiao expressed his belief that medicine is an art of kindness. In his book “Da Yi Jing Chen” (“Sincerity and Devotion of Great Doctors”), he wrote: “When a great doctor treats a patient, he must concentrate, calm down, and be free from desires and pursuits.
He needs to have a compassionate heart and devote himself to freeing patients from illness. If patients come for treatment, whether they are of high or low social status, rich or poor, elderly or young, beautiful or ugly, enemies or relatives, the Han race or other ethnic groups, intelligent or stupid, the doctor should treat them the same as if they were all the doctor’s dear ones. ...”
He adopted a holistic approach to treating illnesses. He believed that through skillful nursing and caring for oneself, one could be free from illness. As long as “a good doctor treats the illness with prescriptions and acupuncture, the patient’s illness will be curable, and disasters on the earth will be avoided.” He stressed medical ethics and treated all patients equally. He said, “A human life is precious, and more valuable than one thousand liang of gold.”
Sun Simiao also paid great attention to gynecology and pediatrics. He authored three volumes of “fu ren fang” (gynecology) and two volumes of “shao xiao ying ru fang” (pediatrics), which were placed inside of “Qian Jin Yao Fang.”
“Qian Jin Yao Fang” is the earliest encyclopedia of medical subjects in China. It covers a broad range of categories, from basic medical theories to different clinical subjects, and from theories and methodologies to prescription formulas and drugs. One part of the book covers classical material.
Another part details empirical formulas and prescriptions that were circulated among the populace. This book includes the strong points of different schools and is suitable for people of different educational backgrounds. It is still popular today. It is indeed an asset of traditional Chinese medicine.
By summarizing clinical experiences and prescription formulas from the era of Zhang Zhongjing, a famous doctor in the Han Dynasty, to that of Sun Simiao, the book demonstrated Sun Simiao’s profound medical knowledge and extraordinary medical skills.
Future generations have called “Qian Jin Fang”—the two books of “Qian Jin Yao Fang” and “Qian Jin Yi Fang”—the ancestor of prescription formulas.
Sun Simiao valued preserving health and actively practiced his values. Because he was good at the art of cultivating health, he lived to over 100 and still enjoyed good vision and hearing when he was old.
He combined ideas of the preservation of health from Confucianism, Taoism, and from India with those of traditional Chinese medicine. He proposed many practical and effective ways to cultivate good health, which even today, guide people’s daily lives.
For example: “One should keep a balanced mindset and not solely pursue recognition and self-interest. Be constrained in food intake, and do not eat or drink too much. Pay attention to the circulation of Qi and blood and do not be lazy and motionless. Live a regular daily life and do not violate the laws of the nature. ...”
Sun Simiao was also the first to invent a urethral catheter. According to historical records, one of his patients could not pass urine. Seeing that the patient was in extreme pain, Sun thought, “It is already too late to treat him with medicine. If there was a way to insert a tube into his urethra, the urine could perhaps flow out naturally.”
He saw a neighbor’s child at play blowing on a green onion stem. The green onion stem was very thin, long, and soft. Sun decided to use such a tube and gave it a try. Having chosen a suitable green onion stem, he charred it gently, cut the sharp end off, and then carefully inserted it into the patient’s urethra.
He then blew into the tube once. As expected, the urine flowed out of the tube. The patient’s bloated abdomen gradually became smaller, and the patient’s illness was also cured.
By cultivating morality and virtue and by being talented, Sun Simiao became a great figure, whom common people and medical professionals for several generations have greatly respected.
By Shanxing / Clearwisdom.net
source :The Epoch Times
孙思邈，又被称为药王孙天医，是中国古代著名的医生，亦是气功养生的实践家。他在西魏时代出生，相传他活到141岁才仙游。孙思邈少时因病学医，博通经史百家学说，他7岁时就能“日诵千言”。每天能背诵上千字的文章，被人称为“圣童”。到了20岁，他就能侃侃而谈老子、庄子的学说，并对佛家的经典著作十分精通。隋唐时孙思邈曾推拒当官，唐太宗更亲自上山拜会。不过，更为出名的，是他总结了唐代以前的临床经验和医学理论，编成两部医学巨著：《千金要方》和《千金翼方》。
一、 孙思邈的流世著作
孙思邈一生著作80余部，除了《千金要方》、《千金翼方》外，还有《老子注》、《庄子注》、《枕中素书》1卷、《会三教论》1卷、《福禄论》3卷、《摄生真录》1卷、《龟经》1卷等。
《千金要方》三十卷，分二百三十二门，已接近现代临床医学的分类方法。他认为：“人命至重，有贵千金，一方济之，德逾于此。”故以“千金”两字命名。全书合方、论五千三百首，集方广泛，内容丰富，是我国唐代医学发展中具有代表性的巨著，对后世医学特别是方剂学的发展，有着明显的影响和贡献；并对日本、朝鲜医学之发展也有积极的作用。
《千金翼方》三十卷，书名取“輗軏相济”、“羽翼交飞”之意，属孙思邈晚年作品，系对《千金要方》的全面补充。全书分一百八十九门，合方、论、法二千九百余首，记载药物八百多种，尤以治疗伤寒、中风、杂病和疮痈最见疗效。
二、 行医理念与医学贡献
孙思邈把医为仁术的精神具体化。他在其所著的《大医精诚》一书中写道：“凡大医治病，必当安神定志，无欲无求，先发大慈恻隐之心，誓愿普救含灵之苦，若有疾厄来求救者，不得问其贵贱贫富，长幼研茧，怨亲善友，华夷愚智，普同一等，皆如至亲之想……”寥寥片语，已将孙思邈的高尚医德情操，展示在人们面前。
他坚持辨证施治的方法，认为人若善摄生，当可免于病。只要“良医导之以药石，救之以针剂”，“体形有可愈之疾，天地有可消之灾”。他重视医德，不分“贵贱贫富，长幼妍蚩，怨亲善友，华夷愚智”，皆一视同仁。声言“人命至重，有贵千金”。他极为重视妇幼保健，著《妇人方》三卷，《少小婴孺方》二卷，置于《千金要方》之首。
《千金要方》是我国最早的医学百科全书，从基础理论到临床各科，理、法、方、药齐备。一类是典籍资料，一类是民间单方验方。广泛吸收各方面之长，雅俗共赏，缓急相宜，时至今日。很多内容仍起着指导作用，有极高的学术价值，确实是价值千金的中医瑰宝。《千金要方》是对方剂学发展的巨大贡献。书中收集了从张仲景时代直至孙思邈的临床经验，历数百年的方剂成就，显示出孙思邈的博极医源和精湛医技。后人称《千金方》为方书之祖。
三、 孙思邈的学术成就
在药物学研究方面，孙思邈倾注了大量的心血。从药物的采集、炮制到性能认识，从方药的组合配伍到临床治疗，孙思邈参考前人的医药文献，并结合自己数十年的临证心得，写成了我国医学发展史上具有重要学术价值的两部医学巨著——《千金要方》和《千金翼方》。其中《千金要方》载方5000多首，书中内容既有诊法、征候等医学理论，又有内、外、妇、儿等临床各科；既涉及解毒、急救、养生、食疗，又涉及针灸、按摩、导引、吐纳，可谓是对唐代以前中医学发展的一次很好的总结。而《千金翼方》载方近3000首，书中内容涉及本草、妇人、伤寒、小儿、养性、补益、中风、杂病、疮痈、色脉以及针灸等各个方面，对《千金要方》作了必要而有益的补充。
孙思邈崇尚养生，并身体力行，正由于他通晓养生之术，才能年过百岁而视听不衰。他将儒家、道家以及外来古印度佛家的养生思想与中医学的养生理论相结合，提出的许多切实可行的养生方法，时至今日，还在指导着人们的日常生活，如心态要保持平衡，不要一味追求名利；饮食应有所节制，不要过于暴饮暴食；气血应注意流通，不要懒惰呆滞不动；生活要起居有常，不要违反自然规律…
孙思邈又是世界上导尿术的发明者。据记载：有一个病人得了尿潴留病，撒不出尿来。孙思邈看到病人憋得难受的样子，他想：“吃药来不及了。如果想办法用根管子插进尿道，尿或许会流出来。”他看见邻居的孩子拿一根葱管在吹着玩儿，葱管尖尖的，又细又软，孙思邈决定用葱管来试一试，于是他挑选出一根适宜的葱管，在火上轻轻烧了烧，切去尖的一头，然后小心翼翼地插进病人的尿道里，再用力一吹，不一会儿尿果然顺着葱管流了出来。病人的小肚子慢慢瘪了下去，病也就好了。
孙思邈以德养性、以德养身、德艺双馨的品性成为历代医家和百姓尊崇备至的伟大人物。
文／山行
Sun Simiao’s books passed to future generations
Sun Simiao, also called China’s King of Medicine and Heavenly Doctor Sun, was a famous Chinese doctor. He also practiced preserving health through qigong.
Sun was born during the Western Wei Dynasty. Legend has it that he lived for 141 years. Sun decided to learn medicine because, when he was young, he often got sick. He was well-versed in the Chinese classics, history, and the teachings of a hundred schools.
He could memorize thousands of sentences daily at age 7. For his skill of memorizing a daily article of over 1,000 words, he was praised as a sacred child.
At age 20, he could expertly discuss the theories of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi and was also good at Buddhist classics.
Sun refused to become a government official during the Sui and Tang dynasties. Tang Dynasty Emperor Li Shimin visited him in person.
Sun Simiao made a name for himself for having summarized the clinical experiences and medical theories prior to the Tang Dynasty and compiled them into two medical books, “Qian Jin Yao Fang” (“Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Liang [an ancient Chinese unit of weight] of Gold”) and “Qian Jin Yi Fang” (“Supplement to Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Liang of Gold”). “Qian Jin Yao Fang” consists of 30 volumes and covers 232 medical subjects.
Sun Simiao authored over 80 books during his lifetime. In addition to the above-mentioned books, he wrote “Lao Zi Zhu” (“Notes of Lao Zi”), “Zhuang Zi Zhu” (“Notes of Zhuang Zi”), one volume of “Zhen Zhong Su Shu” (“Book of the Bed”), one volume of “Hui San Jiao Lun,” three volumes of “Fu Lu Lun” (“Of Fortunes and Happiness”), one volume of “She Sheng Zhen Lun” (“Advice of Health Cultivation”), one volume of “Gui Jing” (“Canon of the Tortoise”), and others.
Sun Simiao believed “a human life is extremely precious; more valuable than one thousand liang of gold.” Because of this belief, he titled his book with the two characters “Qian Jin,” which means 1,000 liang of gold. The entire book collected 5,300 prescriptions, covering a wide range that is rich in content.
It is a colossal work of medical science during the Tang Dynasty. It had a great impact on and made significant contributions to medical development, especially prescriptions for later generations. The scholarly text also made contributions to medical advancements in Korea and Japan.
“Qian Jin Yi Fang” also consists of 30 volumes. Sun Simiao wrote it in the later stages of his life. It is a comprehensive supplement to “Qian Jin Yao Fang.”
He divided the book of “Qian Jin Yi Fang” into 189 subjects, covering over 2,900 prescriptions. It describes over 800 medicinal drugs and provides ways of treating febrile diseases, strokes, acne, carbuncles, and miscellaneous diseases.
Sun Simiao’s medical ethics and further contributions to medicine
Sun Simiao expressed his belief that medicine is an art of kindness. In his book “Da Yi Jing Chen” (“Sincerity and Devotion of Great Doctors”), he wrote: “When a great doctor treats a patient, he must concentrate, calm down, and be free from desires and pursuits.
He needs to have a compassionate heart and devote himself to freeing patients from illness. If patients come for treatment, whether they are of high or low social status, rich or poor, elderly or young, beautiful or ugly, enemies or relatives, the Han race or other ethnic groups, intelligent or stupid, the doctor should treat them the same as if they were all the doctor’s dear ones. ...”
He adopted a holistic approach to treating illnesses. He believed that through skillful nursing and caring for oneself, one could be free from illness. As long as “a good doctor treats the illness with prescriptions and acupuncture, the patient’s illness will be curable, and disasters on the earth will be avoided.” He stressed medical ethics and treated all patients equally. He said, “A human life is precious, and more valuable than one thousand liang of gold.”
Sun Simiao also paid great attention to gynecology and pediatrics. He authored three volumes of “fu ren fang” (gynecology) and two volumes of “shao xiao ying ru fang” (pediatrics), which were placed inside of “Qian Jin Yao Fang.”
“Qian Jin Yao Fang” is the earliest encyclopedia of medical subjects in China. It covers a broad range of categories, from basic medical theories to different clinical subjects, and from theories and methodologies to prescription formulas and drugs. One part of the book covers classical material.
Another part details empirical formulas and prescriptions that were circulated among the populace. This book includes the strong points of different schools and is suitable for people of different educational backgrounds. It is still popular today. It is indeed an asset of traditional Chinese medicine.
By summarizing clinical experiences and prescription formulas from the era of Zhang Zhongjing, a famous doctor in the Han Dynasty, to that of Sun Simiao, the book demonstrated Sun Simiao’s profound medical knowledge and extraordinary medical skills.
Future generations have called “Qian Jin Fang”—the two books of “Qian Jin Yao Fang” and “Qian Jin Yi Fang”—the ancestor of prescription formulas.
Sun Simiao valued preserving health and actively practiced his values. Because he was good at the art of cultivating health, he lived to over 100 and still enjoyed good vision and hearing when he was old.
He combined ideas of the preservation of health from Confucianism, Taoism, and from India with those of traditional Chinese medicine. He proposed many practical and effective ways to cultivate good health, which even today, guide people’s daily lives.
For example: “One should keep a balanced mindset and not solely pursue recognition and self-interest. Be constrained in food intake, and do not eat or drink too much. Pay attention to the circulation of Qi and blood and do not be lazy and motionless. Live a regular daily life and do not violate the laws of the nature. ...”
Sun Simiao was also the first to invent a urethral catheter. According to historical records, one of his patients could not pass urine. Seeing that the patient was in extreme pain, Sun thought, “It is already too late to treat him with medicine. If there was a way to insert a tube into his urethra, the urine could perhaps flow out naturally.”
He saw a neighbor’s child at play blowing on a green onion stem. The green onion stem was very thin, long, and soft. Sun decided to use such a tube and gave it a try. Having chosen a suitable green onion stem, he charred it gently, cut the sharp end off, and then carefully inserted it into the patient’s urethra.
He then blew into the tube once. As expected, the urine flowed out of the tube. The patient’s bloated abdomen gradually became smaller, and the patient’s illness was also cured.
By cultivating morality and virtue and by being talented, Sun Simiao became a great figure, whom common people and medical professionals for several generations have greatly respected.
By Shanxing / Clearwisdom.net
source :The Epoch Times
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