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The hypothesis of this essay is that the conventional Western view of post-Communist Russia has passed through two cycles and is entering a third. While the first two were grounded mostly on what observers wished to see, the third is shaping up to be based more on reality. Little Brother As Tom Graham wisely observed some years ago: while no one will take seriously a country with a declining GDP, no one can ignore one whose GDP is rising. When the USSR fell apart in 1991, its extraordinarily centralised economy, whose links were now were blocked by new national borders, choked and died. Living standards sank, inflation exploded, the tax base collapsed, state employees went months without pay, factory employees were paid in kind, the social support system failed and the demographic decline that had begun in the Khrushchev period accelerated. All indicators worsened at once. This was the time when “free fall” was a favourite descriptor. A reminder of this period was a piece that appe...

The war in Afghanistan, Nato's first armed conflict outside Europe and the first ground combat operations in its history, will figure high on the agenda of the summit in Lisbon. Manama: The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (Nato) summit this week will have a special significance in the context of the war in Afghanistan. At the summit in Lisbon, world leaders from Nato’s 28-member states are likely to receive Russian support on the anti-terror campaign in Afghanistan. President Dmitry Medvedev will be the first Russian head of state to attend a Nato summit. Alliance officials hope that Russia will have more involvement in the campaign against terrorism in Afghanistan. Medvedev's presence will help extend initial US plans at the summit to pressure reluctant and hesitant Nato members to provide more assistance in Afghanistan to include serious negotiations with Russia. The war in Afghanistan, Nato's first armed conflict outside Europe and the first ground combat op...

NATO: regional organization or world policeman? Tags: World , Commentary , Russia , Politics , NATO Maria Chupina 2.10.2010, 20:14 Russia hopes that NATO’s new strategy to be passed in Lisbon in November will provide for collective defenses which stay within the bounds of international law. According to Russia’s Deputy Foreign Minister Alexander Grushko, Russia expects NATO to abstain from taking decisions bypassing the UN Security Council, as it happened before. Moscow hopes NATO’s new strategy to shift emphasis from Article Five of the NATO Charter, which allows for independent decisions beyond the bounds of international law and within the jurisdiction of the UN Security Council. The UN Security Council, the minister says, should have the last say on security matters. Russia and NATO should cooperate within the bounds provided by the Founding Act and the Rome Declaration, which means that peace-keeping operations can be held only by the decision of th...

Huber Szebasztián: Terrorizmus Európában a XX. század második felében A modern terrorizmus megjelenése Európában a 60-as évek második felére tehetõ. Ahhoz hogy errõl beszélhessünk, meg kell határozni mi is a terrorizmus. A legáltalánosabban elfogadott megfogalmazás szerint a terrorizmus valamely szervezet által politikai okokból végrehajtott erõszakos, félelemkeltõ akciók sorozata. A XIX. század végén volt az elsõ terrorhullám, amit fõleg anarchisták követtek el, de itt általában egy-egy személy megölése volt a cél. Ilyen volt a II. Sándor cár elleni sikertelen merényletek sora és az Erzsébet osztrák császárné és magyar királyné ellen 1898-ban, Genfben végrehajtott sikeres merénylet. Ide sorolható a mindenki által ismert szarajevói merénylet, ami az I. világháborúhoz vezetett. A modern európai terrorista szervezetek általában 2 nagy csoportba sorolhatók: az egyik a baloldali terroristák, akik a világforradalmat kívánják elõmozdítani, és a szeparatista mozgalmak, amelyek egy terület vag...